Silverback Gorillas

Species: Silverback Gorilla
Habitat: Eastern Central Africa
Status: Endangered
DAK Locale: Pangani Forest Exploration Trail

For many years, the common perception of the gorilla was that of King Kong- a massive, vicious man-like monster of the deep jungle. Yet now, thanks to Diane Fossey, "Gorillas in the Mist", channels like Animal Planet, and exhibits like that at Disney's Animal Kingdom, we are beginning to see the gorilla for what it really is- a gentle close relative of the human. To watch a gorilla go about its day can be engrossing and perhaps even unsettling as many of its actions are so familiar.

Gorillas live in family groups consisting of a silverback male, breeding females, and the young. These animals are highly social and can often be seen grooming one another in an effort to bond within the group. Each evening the band settles down in nests made of leaves. These nests are either on the ground or in the trees depending on the region. Often a researcher's first clue that gorillas are nearby is the discovery of a fresh set of nests.

The impressive male gorilla, the silverback, gets its name from - you guessed it- the silvered hair growing on the upper portion of his back. He's also distinguished by his size (perhaps more than twice the size of the females) and the bony ridge on his head that creates a dome-shaped look. All gorillas have human like thumbs that are opposable assisting in gripping and climbing. Females produce one offspring and raise them for three years or more. Young adult males eventually move out on their own living solitary lives until they establish their own troop on their own territory, which is often small. Gorillas eat only vegetation-no meat. They are especially fond of bamboo shoots, ferns, and wild celery.

The image of the ferocious gorilla stems from its reaction to outside threats, most notably a Silverback’s reaction to another grown male. They will scream and pound their chests king kong style. This display is often enhanced by charging nosily through the thick jungle foliage. The silverbacks will occasionally have fierce fights with males looking to take over their group.

The picture we have now is that of a gentle giant who sits calmly by while scientists and tourists mingle with the group. This has allowed a great deal of study of the gorillas as well as bonding basically unheard of with any other animals. Yet, the gorilla faces extinction head on. The gorilla has been hunted for bushmeat for centuries. Its hands are sold as ashtrays. But, of course, the biggest problem is deforestation as well as the added threat of trying to live in an area dominated by civil war and politcal upheaval. The mountain gorilla which may number less than 500 lives only in the Virunga Volcanoes region the Congo. The Western lowland subspecies, the kind most often seen in zoos including Disney's Animal Kingdom, lives in the lowland watershed regions of the Zaire and Ubangi rivers. The total population of all three gorilla subspecies (the eastern lowland being the third) is less than 50,000.

At the Animal Kingdom, the gorillas are divided into three distinct troops. One troop located near the swaying bridge is made of older animals. Another area contains the bachelor group. Finally, in the research camp, the visitor will see Gino, the silverback, with two females and perhaps even some young.